Thursday, November 28, 2019

The effects of television watching on children an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

A study on the effects of television watching on children Research Topic: A study on the effects of television watching on children Literature Review: The researcher reviewed numerous studies carried out by investigators on the effectors of television on the behaviour of children. This includes numerous psychological experiments, government studies and congressional investigations. Most of these studies direct their efforts on the relationship between television violence and the societal violence that is rampant in our societies. Research problem; since 1950s when television rose to be the major entertainment medium in the world, many investigators were concerned with the effects of the television on the behaviour of the young. Their worry has always been the possible detrimental effects of violent programming, resulting in considerable knowledge of the influence of televised aggression (Liebert, Neale, &Davidson, 1973). In this study the investigation wants to find out the relationship between television watching and children social behaviour since most of American children spend most of their time watching tele vision instead of going to school and the educators feel that it has replaced the school as the primary "socializing" agent outside the family. Need essay sample on "A study on the effects of television watching on children" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The gaps of knowledge The less studied subject as identified by the researcher is the effects of television on children behaviour as well as the degree in which the television might induce pro-social attitudes and behaviours among the young. Hypothesis: there is a positive relationship between television watching and children pro-social behavior Independent Variables: Three and half- hour television programs, Pro-social Lessie series, Neutral Lessie series and Brady Bunch show Dependent Variables: The number of seconds the help button is pressed. Assignment of subjects to the treatments. The subjects to the thirty first grade children, 15 boys and 15 girls were individually exposed to one of the three had hour television programs. Controls used to prevent extraneous variables form confounding the results. To control the various broad characteristics of the three programs, children in the two principles groups (pro-social Lessie and Brady Bunch shows). Viewed one of the two programs from the sense Lessie, complete with commercials message but the story line was altered such that one of them was woven into it the particular pro-social example while the other did not. The combination of the similarities and difference was to optimise the detection of potential effects of specific modelling cases from entertainment television upon youngsters' later behaviours. Data Collection Procedures: The children behaviors were observed during the entertainment and how first they reacted when they were called to help. The number of seconds that the help button was pressed by the children was recorded. Data Analysis: The researcher used descriptive statistics to analyse the data that was collected. The Means and the Standard Deviations were calculated to ease analysis. The investigator further used the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model to analyse further the information to ease interpretation. Summary of Results: The primary dependent measure was the number of seconds the help button was pressed and the mean as well as the standard deviation of each was calculated. Analysis of variance of these scores was used to yield the significant effects. Summary of the Discussions In the two control conditions boys tended to help more than their female counterparts. Despite these different tendencies the overall results of this experiment disclosure clearly the validity of the basic demonstration we sought to produce. At least under some circumstances, a televised example can increase a child's willingness to engage in helping behaviour. This finding extends the earlier, work with simulated television materials and the experimental field study reported by Stein and Friedrich (1973) by demonstrating the influence of commercial broadcast programming designed primarily as entertainment. This design helped in isolating the particular aspect of the program, a pro-social example by the protagonist as the central ingredient necessary for such an effect to occur, the alternative lessie show and the generally warm Brady bunch program produce less helping. Design Principles: Experimental Research Design whereby Observational method was employed in this study. Both inter nal and external validity posed threats at points where measurements and experimental manipulations are made more so where multiple measurements are made. Therefore there is high probability for biasness Another experiment that may be used to test the same hypothesis as those in this experiment is where children from different socio economic classes are used as subject without considering the gender. Parental consent is necessary since the children were under 18 years of age and would not be considered to make valid decisions. Whenever one is using experimental research design he/she must seek the consent of the subject he intends to use or the consent of parents if the subjects are below 18 years of age. The children believed that the situation was real since they were not briefed about the experiment otherwise they would have not participated. Deception is very critical in psychological research although considered unethical and morally reprehensive subjects in deceptive experiments enjoy and learn more than those in non deceptive experiments. Deception is only allowed on methodological grounds so as to get valid results. Debriefing subjects is usually done after the experiment and explains the purpose and the methods that were used. Otherwise debriefing regarding deception might cause more harm than deception itself. Debriefing is only necessary after all the subjects are through with participation since they might share information and thus compromise the scientific validity of the study. . The code of ethics when using human beings as experimental subjects demands that the subjects are made aware of what they are about to participate and should give consent. But in this experiment the parents of the subjects were the only who were informed. The findings of this study are very relevant even today since television is the major mode of entertainment for many families and children spent most of their time watching television. However, if the experiment is to be conducted today children from different socio-economic classes should be used in order to have results, which touch on everybody. References: Liebert, R.M Neale J.M, & Davidson, E.S (1973). The early window. New York. Pergamon Press Stein, A.H & Friedrich, L.K (1970). Television constant and young children's behaviours. In J.P Murray, E.A Comstock (Eds). Television and Social Behaviour. Vol. 11: Television and social learning Washington D.C. U.S. Government printing office Stein, G. M, & Bryan, J.H (1972). The effect of a television Model upon rule adoption behaviour of Children. Child Development, 43, 268-273

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Road to Japanese Wwii Essay

Road to Japanese Wwii Essay Road to Japanese Wwii Essay Road to War. The transformation of Japan from traditional feudal society to an industrial power in Asia in just years, but Japanese government had no intent to stop at the technical advances. The government of Japan had another ambition to dominate Asia. There were many reasons why the Japanese government wanted to go to war against the United States, Russia, China and British. The first reason why Japanese government wanted to go to war is because of the socio- political consequence that causes the mishandling of resumption of gold standards, causing export to shrink. According to the Depression Crisis and Responses: â€Å" the Zaibatsu bank dumping yen for dollars and then once the Japanese government goes back to gold standards yen, yen gets devalue to half of a dollar and the banks doubled their money by repurchasing back yens. This doubled the banker’s money in just one year (p.182, the Depression Crisis and Reponses). By doing this the bank are happy but leaves the economy in turmoil. The Japanese people belief that capitalists is greedy and selfish; while they were profiting from a country that was in depression. This led to the assassination of Prime Minister Hamaguchi and the finance minister Inoue and many important figure heads in Japan. The second reason is a series of incident occurred in Manchuria. The colonel Ishiwara, Kwantung army’s operation offers belief that there is going to be a final war with the United States, and Manchuria is going to be a strategic importance in the war because of its mineral resource farm land for migration. Taking over Manchuria was against the wishes of the Japanese government the soldiers told themselves it’s a sacred mission that has to be carried out by the army to free china from it the westerners. The sacred mission also included the assassination of Marshall Zhang and 9-18-1931 incident of bombing the railway as pretext taking over Manchuria. Back in Japan people were celebrating the victory of taking over Manchuria, there were songs, newsreels and newspapers saying how great japan is and cheering for Manchuria as the new crown jewel of Japanese empire. Meanwhile in china there was another incident occurred with Japanese and Chinese troops outside Peking, China which led to war in China. Most of the china eventually gets taken by the Japanese army. Shanghai and Nanjing which was Chinese last defense fallen to Japanese in 1938. Japanese killed more than 300 thousand Chinese in more than a month. The Chinese eventually fought back and as two divided them the KMT and the CCP. By now Japanese is already in war with most of the Asia country, but Japanese government doesn’t feel safe the sleepy giant in the west the United States. The Navel government sends messages to agent Yoshikawa in September, 24, 1941 at Pearl Harbor asking him to track all the naval movement of American ships. On December, 7, 1941 Japanese launches an attack on the American fleet in Pearl Harbor. The attack lasted for two hours and the Japanese pilots damages American battle ships and killed 2,400 American’s. President Roosevelt declared war against the Japanese and Nazi Germany. Meanwhile back in japan the news traveled with their successful attack on United States Pearl harbor. The Japanese people supported what the Japanese government is doing and are willing to fight till the death for their country. The World War II has started with the allies being United States, Russia and British and the Axis being Nazi Germany, and Japan. Japanese government told its own people that the war was for liberate Asia from the western tyrants. That the soldiers should

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Promotion Dilemma by Caroline Smith Case Study - 20

The Promotion Dilemma by Caroline Smith - Case Study Example Caroline immediately set her mind to the task of becoming an exemplary manager. Being with the department for five years, she was able to make several small improvements in the working conditions of the department; and as a consequence, productivity improved for every worker – except Beverly. Whereas the others appreciated and responded to Caroline’s efforts, Beverly just seemed to become more hostile. When management praised Caroline for her section’s improved performance and productivity, they also noted Beverly’s decline and suggested that a strong performance evaluation might be the answer. Caroline did not know much about performance evaluation except for the few she had with her predecessor but was determined that Beverly should be as productive as everyone else. Just immediately after being promoted, Caroline called Beverly into her office and launched a plan for Beverly to increase her production level. Halfway through the communication process, Beverly interrupted with a shaky voice: â€Å"You don’t have to go through all this.† â€Å"What do you mean?† Caroline asked, with distinct irritation in her voice. â€Å"I know you are just looking for an excuse to fire me,† quipped Beverly. â€Å"That’s ridiculous!† Caroline answered. â€Å"No, it isn’t. I know none of our colleagues has ever liked me,† Beverly replied. And with that, Beverly ran out of the office in tears. Caroline called her to stop, but it was too late. Caroline was flabbergasted. She had wanted her business relations with Beverly to get better, not worse, especially after her promotion. She knew Beverly’s fears had no basis – or did they? Caroline wondered whether she might have shown some unconscious prejudice. But she did not have the time to waste questioning her own motives.Â